Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

水浸与周期荷载耦合下CFRP锚固系统的耐久性分析

借助光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器,在不同浸润时间下,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)锚固结构进行周期荷载实验,探究水浸与周期荷载下CFRP锚固结构的耐久性.试验结果表明:随着循环次数的增加,环氧体塑性变形减小,并趋于稳定;水浸与周期荷载作用下,锚具内CFRP筋发生变形,但无脱锚现象发生;CFRP筋与环氧体界面受水浸环境影响小,筋材表面无腐蚀.     

The landing zone – Ground for model transfer in chemistry

This essay proposes a new notion - the landing zone - in order to identify conceptual features that allow modelers to transfer mathematical tools across disciplinary borders. This discussion refers to the transferable models as ‘templates’. Templates are functions, equations, or computational methods that are capable of being generalized from a particular subject matter. There are formal and conceptual prerequisites for the transfer of a template to a new domain. A landing zone is an ontology that contributes to the satisfaction of these conditions for successful transfer. This paper presents a case study on a model in chemistry - the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) - that makes use of transferred templates from physics - the virial theorem and the wave function. The landing zone in this case is a new ontological notion, that of the topological atom, which prepares ground for the use of the virial theorem and the wave function in chemistry. The virial theorem requires that there exists in-principle stability to the system that it represents, and the wave function requires transformation in its representation that is justified. The ontology of QTAIM - the landing zone for these templates - grounds the scientific use of these templates in the context of chemistry.     

R型半胱氨酸体系电荷转移百分数的理论计算

采用密度泛函理论中的CAM-B3LYP方法, 在6-31G(d)基组水平上优化气相条件下R型半胱氨酸(R-Cys)分子的几何构型, 理论研究电子激发过程中R-Cys体系片段间的电荷转移特征, 并基于弛豫与非弛豫激发态密度计算片段间的电荷转移百分数. 结果表明: 对于SH片段, S0到S3的电荷转移百分数为57.96%； 对于COOH片段, S0到S1~S5各激发态的电荷转移百分数均为负值, 二者电荷转移的定性结果一致； 对于NH2片段, S0到S1和S4的电荷转移百分数分别为6.98%和31.45%.     

基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

关于悬臂梁受重锤冲击时的动载荷系数分析

研究了悬臂梁受重锤的冲击问题,建立了重锤的运动方程及悬臂梁的振动控制方程,并利用Galerkin原理求得重锤对悬臂梁的冲击力表达式.研究结果表明:重锤质量大于悬臂梁质量时,冲击力的近似解以及有限元解与实验结果之间的误差较大;重锤质量小于悬臂梁质量时,冲击力的近似解与有限元解与实验结果之间的误差小于5%.     

条形荷载作用下粘土边坡稳定特征数值分析

为分析坡顶条形荷载作用下的边坡稳定特征,运用有限元强度折减法,以均质粘土边坡为研究对象,在坡顶不同位置施加条形荷载,分析边坡稳定安全系数、坡体内最大剪应力、X方向最大位移以及潜在滑裂面位置4个指标的变化规律。结果表明,边坡稳定性与条形荷载值呈正相关,荷载距坡顶边缘越近,稳定性越差;坡体内最大剪应力、最大位移值与荷载值呈正相关,荷载离坡顶边缘较远时,最大剪应力出现在荷载右缘下方坡体中;坡顶边缘作用有大荷载时,坡体最大位移值增加较快;随着荷载向右移动,边坡潜在滑裂面也向右偏移。     

同心双扭旋元件内外叶片数量对管内传热性能的影响

为探究同心双扭旋元件组合方式变化对换热管传热特性的影响规律，采用数值模拟方法对雷诺数Re=200~1 800范围内恒壁温条件下的管内传热进行了分析，并进行了实验验证。研究结果表明：在Re=200~1 800的范围内，含有4-4同心双扭旋元件换热管的努赛尔数Nu值最大，其次为3-3同心双扭旋元件，2-4与2-2同心双扭旋元件的Nu相差不大，最大仅相差5%；4-4同心双扭旋元件换热管的阻力系数f最大，其次为3-3同心双扭旋元件，2-4同心双扭旋元件的阻力系数略高于2-2同心双扭旋元件；2-2同心双扭旋元件换热管的综合传热性能评价因子（PEC）值最大，为1.50，且明显高于其他3种换热管，其余3种换热管的PEC值相差不大；4-4同心双扭旋元件换热管的场协同数F_c值最大，其余3种换热管的F_c值相差不大。     

佛山市基本农田保护区养殖鱼塘水质抽样调查与评价

对佛山市5区的基本农田保护区养殖鱼塘水质抽样调查,并采用环境污染指数对水质状况进行评价。结果表明,养殖鱼塘水温和p H值均能达到鱼类正常生长要求,溶解氧较丰富,但水质普遍过肥。在5区20个调查点中,CODCr、NH4+-N和TP超标率分别为90%、30%、85%。5区养殖鱼塘水质的污染程度由高到低依次为禅城区、南海区、三水区、顺德区、高明区。全市养殖鱼塘的综合质量指数为1.44,水质整体上受到重度污染。TP的污染负荷分担率最高,其次是CODCr和NH4+-N。总体来说,佛山市基本农田保护区养殖鱼塘水体有机物污染十分突出,已出现富营养化。     

考虑超固结比与泊松效应的荷载传递模型

为了分析超固结状态及泊松效应对砂土管桩界面剪切特性的影响，在传统双曲线荷载传递模型的基础上，采用考虑超固结比的侧向土压力系数，计入由泊松效应引起的侧向土压力增加值，建立能同时考虑砂土超固结比及管桩泊松效应的界面荷载传递模型，对其可靠性进行验证。通过算例对极限摩阻力影响因素进行分析，结果表明：超固结比从1.0增大到3.0，抗压桩和抗拔桩极限摩阻力近似呈线性增大，抗压桩提高约83.6%，抗拔桩提高约92.9%；泊松比从0.1增大到0.3，抗压桩极限摩阻力呈线性增大，提高约3.5%；抗拔桩极限摩阻力呈线性减小，降低约3.6%；桩土模量比从300增大到1 500，抗压桩极限摩阻力降低约7.6%；抗拔桩极限摩阻力提高约9.6%。